Title
Lead Poisoning Effects on Pregnant Women and Children
Author
Farhan Abdul Rauf
Publication
Geneva Foundation for Medical Educution and Research, January 11, 2014
Link
http://www.gfmer.ch/GFMER_members/pdf/Lead-poisoning-effects-pregnant-women-children-Rauf-2014.pdf
Abstract
- 600 000 new cases of children with intellectual disabilities every year.
- 99% of children affected by high exposure to lead live in low- and middle-income countries, says WHO.
- 143 000 deaths per year result from lead poisoning.
- At high levels of exposure, lead damages the brain and central nervous system to cause coma, convulsions and even death. Children who survive such poisoning are often left with intellectual impairment and behavioral disorders.
- At lower levels of exposure, lead is now known to produce a spectrum of injury across multiple body systems. In particular, lead affects brain development in children, resulting in reduced IQ, behavioral changes such as shortening of attention span and increased antisocial behavior, and reduced educational attainment. These effects are believed to be irreversible. Adults are at increased risk of kidney disease and raised blood pressure.
Title
Unexplained Infertility: Could Lead Poisoning be the Cause?
Author
Joanna Karpasea-Jones
Link
https://suite.io/joanna-karpasea-jones/5cg025k
Abstract
Lead poisoning often has no symptoms, yet reduces fertility in women and could be responsible for unexplained infertility and recurrent miscarriage.
Title
Lead May Impair Male Fertility
Author
Human Reproduction, February 2003
Publication
Doctor N-DTV
Link
http://doctor.ndtv.com/storypage/ndtv/id/001225/type/news/Male_contraceptive_pills_effective.html
Title
Lead Poisoning Threatens Pregnant Women
Publication
Fertility Chicago, July 8, 2010
Link
http://www.fertilitychicago.org/4162/lead-poisoning-threatens-pregnant-women/
Title
Pregnant or planning a pregnancy? / Are you at risk from lead?
Publication
Global Lead Advice & Support System / Retrieved December 24, 2014
Link
http://www.lead.org.au/lanv6n2/update005.html
Title
Passing of Lead from Mother to Child is Shown
Author
Susan Gilbert
Publication
The New York Times, June 18, 1996
Link
http://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/18/science/passing-of-lead-from-mother-to-child-is-shown.html
Abstract
Scientists have found the first direct evidence that a girl growing up in a lead-polluted environment can pass that lead on to her children, putting their intellectual and motor development at risk. Researchers at Macquarie University in Sydney, Australia, followed 13 women who had recently immigrated to Australia from the former Yugoslavia and then became pregnant. The lead they were exposed to in the Balkans, and which was stored in their bones, has a different molecular weight from the lead in Australia. By the end of pregnancy, as much as 60 percent of the total amount of lead in blood came from the women’s bones.